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38 * \brief This file defines high-level functions for mdrun to compute
39 * energies and forces for listed interactions.
41 * \author Mark Abraham <mark.j.abraham@gmail.com>
43 * \ingroup module_listed_forces
47 #include "listed_forces.h"
55 #include "gromacs/gmxlib/network.h"
56 #include "gromacs/gmxlib/nrnb.h"
57 #include "gromacs/listed_forces/bonded.h"
58 #include "gromacs/listed_forces/disre.h"
59 #include "gromacs/listed_forces/orires.h"
60 #include "gromacs/listed_forces/pairs.h"
61 #include "gromacs/listed_forces/position_restraints.h"
62 #include "gromacs/math/vec.h"
63 #include "gromacs/mdlib/enerdata_utils.h"
64 #include "gromacs/mdlib/force.h"
65 #include "gromacs/mdlib/gmx_omp_nthreads.h"
66 #include "gromacs/mdtypes/commrec.h"
67 #include "gromacs/mdtypes/fcdata.h"
68 #include "gromacs/mdtypes/forceoutput.h"
69 #include "gromacs/mdtypes/forcerec.h"
70 #include "gromacs/mdtypes/inputrec.h"
71 #include "gromacs/mdtypes/md_enums.h"
72 #include "gromacs/mdtypes/simulation_workload.h"
73 #include "gromacs/pbcutil/ishift.h"
74 #include "gromacs/pbcutil/pbc.h"
75 #include "gromacs/timing/wallcycle.h"
76 #include "gromacs/topology/topology.h"
77 #include "gromacs/utility/exceptions.h"
78 #include "gromacs/utility/fatalerror.h"
80 #include "listed_internal.h"
81 #include "manage_threading.h"
82 #include "utilities.h"
84 ListedForces::ListedForces(const int numEnergyGroups, const int numThreads, FILE* fplog) :
85 threading_(std::make_unique<bonded_threading_t>(numThreads, numEnergyGroups, fplog)),
86 fcdata_(std::make_unique<t_fcdata>())
90 ListedForces::~ListedForces() = default;
92 void ListedForces::setup(const InteractionDefinitions& idef, const int numAtomsForce, const bool useGpu)
96 setup_bonded_threading(threading_.get(), numAtomsForce, useGpu, *idef_);
98 if (idef_->ilsort == ilsortFE_SORTED)
100 forceBufferLambda_.resize(numAtomsForce * sizeof(rvec4) / sizeof(real));
101 shiftForceBufferLambda_.resize(SHIFTS);
110 /*! \brief Return true if ftype is an explicit pair-listed LJ or
111 * COULOMB interaction type: bonded LJ (usually 1-4), or special
112 * listed non-bonded for FEP. */
113 bool isPairInteraction(int ftype)
115 return ((ftype) >= F_LJ14 && (ftype) <= F_LJC_PAIRS_NB);
118 /*! \brief Zero thread-local output buffers */
119 void zero_thread_output(f_thread_t* f_t)
121 constexpr int nelem_fa = sizeof(f_t->f[0]) / sizeof(real);
123 for (int i = 0; i < f_t->nblock_used; i++)
125 int a0 = f_t->block_index[i] * reduction_block_size;
126 int a1 = a0 + reduction_block_size;
127 for (int a = a0; a < a1; a++)
129 for (int d = 0; d < nelem_fa; d++)
136 for (int i = 0; i < SHIFTS; i++)
138 clear_rvec(f_t->fshift[i]);
140 for (int i = 0; i < F_NRE; i++)
144 for (int i = 0; i < egNR; i++)
146 for (int j = 0; j < f_t->grpp.nener; j++)
148 f_t->grpp.ener[i][j] = 0;
151 for (int i = 0; i < efptNR; i++)
157 /*! \brief The max thread number is arbitrary, we used a fixed number
158 * to avoid memory management. Using more than 16 threads is probably
159 * never useful performance wise. */
160 #define MAX_BONDED_THREADS 256
162 /*! \brief Reduce thread-local force buffers */
163 void reduce_thread_forces(gmx::ArrayRef<gmx::RVec> force, const bonded_threading_t* bt, int nthreads)
165 if (nthreads > MAX_BONDED_THREADS)
167 gmx_fatal(FARGS, "Can not reduce bonded forces on more than %d threads", MAX_BONDED_THREADS);
170 rvec* gmx_restrict f = as_rvec_array(force.data());
172 const int numAtomsForce = bt->numAtomsForce;
174 /* This reduction can run on any number of threads,
175 * independently of bt->nthreads.
176 * But if nthreads matches bt->nthreads (which it currently does)
177 * the uniform distribution of the touched blocks over nthreads will
178 * match the distribution of bonded over threads well in most cases,
179 * which means that threads mostly reduce their own data which increases
180 * the number of cache hits.
182 #pragma omp parallel for num_threads(nthreads) schedule(static)
183 for (int b = 0; b < bt->nblock_used; b++)
187 int ind = bt->block_index[b];
188 rvec4* fp[MAX_BONDED_THREADS];
190 /* Determine which threads contribute to this block */
192 for (int ft = 0; ft < bt->nthreads; ft++)
194 if (bitmask_is_set(bt->mask[ind], ft))
196 fp[nfb++] = bt->f_t[ft]->f;
201 /* Reduce force buffers for threads that contribute */
202 int a0 = ind * reduction_block_size;
203 int a1 = (ind + 1) * reduction_block_size;
204 /* It would be nice if we could pad f to avoid this min */
205 a1 = std::min(a1, numAtomsForce);
206 for (int a = a0; a < a1; a++)
208 for (int fb = 0; fb < nfb; fb++)
210 rvec_inc(f[a], fp[fb][a]);
215 GMX_CATCH_ALL_AND_EXIT_WITH_FATAL_ERROR
219 /*! \brief Reduce thread-local forces, shift forces and energies */
220 void reduce_thread_output(gmx::ForceWithShiftForces* forceWithShiftForces,
222 gmx_grppairener_t* grpp,
224 const bonded_threading_t* bt,
225 const gmx::StepWorkload& stepWork)
227 assert(bt->haveBondeds);
229 if (bt->nblock_used > 0)
231 /* Reduce the bonded force buffer */
232 reduce_thread_forces(forceWithShiftForces->force(), bt, bt->nthreads);
235 rvec* gmx_restrict fshift = as_rvec_array(forceWithShiftForces->shiftForces().data());
237 /* When necessary, reduce energy and virial using one thread only */
238 if ((stepWork.computeEnergy || stepWork.computeVirial || stepWork.computeDhdl) && bt->nthreads > 1)
240 gmx::ArrayRef<const std::unique_ptr<f_thread_t>> f_t = bt->f_t;
242 if (stepWork.computeVirial)
244 for (int i = 0; i < SHIFTS; i++)
246 for (int t = 1; t < bt->nthreads; t++)
248 rvec_inc(fshift[i], f_t[t]->fshift[i]);
252 if (stepWork.computeEnergy)
254 for (int i = 0; i < F_NRE; i++)
256 for (int t = 1; t < bt->nthreads; t++)
258 ener[i] += f_t[t]->ener[i];
261 for (int i = 0; i < egNR; i++)
263 for (int j = 0; j < f_t[1]->grpp.nener; j++)
265 for (int t = 1; t < bt->nthreads; t++)
267 grpp->ener[i][j] += f_t[t]->grpp.ener[i][j];
272 if (stepWork.computeDhdl)
274 for (int i = 0; i < efptNR; i++)
277 for (int t = 1; t < bt->nthreads; t++)
279 dvdl[i] += f_t[t]->dvdl[i];
286 /*! \brief Returns the bonded kernel flavor
288 * Note that energies are always requested when the virial
289 * is requested (performance gain would be small).
290 * Note that currently we do not have bonded kernels that
291 * do not compute forces.
293 BondedKernelFlavor selectBondedKernelFlavor(const gmx::StepWorkload& stepWork,
294 const bool useSimdKernels,
295 const bool havePerturbedInteractions)
297 BondedKernelFlavor flavor;
298 if (stepWork.computeEnergy || stepWork.computeVirial)
300 if (stepWork.computeVirial)
302 flavor = BondedKernelFlavor::ForcesAndVirialAndEnergy;
306 flavor = BondedKernelFlavor::ForcesAndEnergy;
311 if (useSimdKernels && !havePerturbedInteractions)
313 flavor = BondedKernelFlavor::ForcesSimdWhenAvailable;
317 flavor = BondedKernelFlavor::ForcesNoSimd;
324 /*! \brief Calculate one element of the list of bonded interactions
326 real calc_one_bond(int thread,
328 const InteractionDefinitions& idef,
329 ArrayRef<const int> iatoms,
330 const int numNonperturbedInteractions,
331 const WorkDivision& workDivision,
335 const t_forcerec* fr,
337 gmx_grppairener_t* grpp,
343 const gmx::StepWorkload& stepWork,
344 int* global_atom_index)
346 GMX_ASSERT(idef.ilsort == ilsortNO_FE || idef.ilsort == ilsortFE_SORTED,
347 "The topology should be marked either as no FE or sorted on FE");
349 const bool havePerturbedInteractions =
350 (idef.ilsort == ilsortFE_SORTED && numNonperturbedInteractions < iatoms.ssize());
351 BondedKernelFlavor flavor =
352 selectBondedKernelFlavor(stepWork, fr->use_simd_kernels, havePerturbedInteractions);
354 if (IS_RESTRAINT_TYPE(ftype))
356 efptFTYPE = efptRESTRAINT;
360 efptFTYPE = efptBONDED;
363 const int nat1 = interaction_function[ftype].nratoms + 1;
364 const int nbonds = iatoms.ssize() / nat1;
366 GMX_ASSERT(fr->gpuBonded != nullptr || workDivision.end(ftype) == iatoms.ssize(),
367 "The thread division should match the topology");
369 const int nb0 = workDivision.bound(ftype, thread);
370 const int nbn = workDivision.bound(ftype, thread + 1) - nb0;
372 ArrayRef<const t_iparams> iparams = idef.iparams;
375 if (!isPairInteraction(ftype))
379 /* TODO The execution time for CMAP dihedrals might be
380 nice to account to its own subtimer, but first
381 wallcycle needs to be extended to support calling from
383 v = cmap_dihs(nbn, iatoms.data() + nb0, iparams.data(), &idef.cmap_grid, x, f, fshift,
384 pbc, lambda[efptFTYPE], &(dvdl[efptFTYPE]), md, fcd, global_atom_index);
388 v = calculateSimpleBond(ftype, nbn, iatoms.data() + nb0, iparams.data(), x, f, fshift,
389 pbc, lambda[efptFTYPE], &(dvdl[efptFTYPE]), md, fcd,
390 global_atom_index, flavor);
395 /* TODO The execution time for pairs might be nice to account
396 to its own subtimer, but first wallcycle needs to be
397 extended to support calling from multiple threads. */
398 do_pairs(ftype, nbn, iatoms.data() + nb0, iparams.data(), x, f, fshift, pbc, lambda, dvdl,
399 md, fr, havePerturbedInteractions, stepWork, grpp, global_atom_index);
404 inc_nrnb(nrnb, nrnbIndex(ftype), nbonds);
412 /*! \brief Compute the bonded part of the listed forces, parallelized over threads
414 static void calcBondedForces(const InteractionDefinitions& idef,
415 bonded_threading_t* bt,
417 const t_forcerec* fr,
418 const t_pbc* pbc_null,
419 rvec* fshiftMasterBuffer,
420 gmx_enerdata_t* enerd,
426 const gmx::StepWorkload& stepWork,
427 int* global_atom_index)
429 #pragma omp parallel for num_threads(bt->nthreads) schedule(static)
430 for (int thread = 0; thread < bt->nthreads; thread++)
434 f_thread_t& threadBuffers = *bt->f_t[thread];
440 gmx_grppairener_t* grpp;
442 zero_thread_output(&threadBuffers);
444 rvec4* ft = threadBuffers.f;
446 /* Thread 0 writes directly to the main output buffers.
447 * We might want to reconsider this.
451 fshift = fshiftMasterBuffer;
458 fshift = as_rvec_array(threadBuffers.fshift.data());
459 epot = threadBuffers.ener;
460 grpp = &threadBuffers.grpp;
461 dvdlt = threadBuffers.dvdl;
463 /* Loop over all bonded force types to calculate the bonded forces */
464 for (ftype = 0; (ftype < F_NRE); ftype++)
466 const InteractionList& ilist = idef.il[ftype];
467 if (!ilist.empty() && ftype_is_bonded_potential(ftype))
469 ArrayRef<const int> iatoms = gmx::makeConstArrayRef(ilist.iatoms);
470 v = calc_one_bond(thread, ftype, idef, iatoms, idef.numNonperturbedInteractions[ftype],
471 bt->workDivision, x, ft, fshift, fr, pbc_null, grpp, nrnb,
472 lambda, dvdlt, md, fcd, stepWork, global_atom_index);
477 GMX_CATCH_ALL_AND_EXIT_WITH_FATAL_ERROR
481 bool ListedForces::haveRestraints() const
483 GMX_ASSERT(fcdata_, "Need valid fcdata");
484 GMX_ASSERT(fcdata_->orires && fcdata_->disres, "NMR restraints objects should be set up");
486 return (!idef_->il[F_POSRES].empty() || !idef_->il[F_FBPOSRES].empty()
487 || fcdata_->orires->nr > 0 || fcdata_->disres->nres > 0);
490 bool ListedForces::haveCpuBondeds() const
492 return threading_->haveBondeds;
495 bool ListedForces::haveCpuListedForces() const
497 return haveCpuBondeds() || haveRestraints();
503 /*! \brief Calculates all listed force interactions. */
504 void calc_listed(struct gmx_wallcycle* wcycle,
505 const InteractionDefinitions& idef,
506 bonded_threading_t* bt,
508 gmx::ForceOutputs* forceOutputs,
509 const t_forcerec* fr,
511 gmx_enerdata_t* enerd,
516 int* global_atom_index,
517 const gmx::StepWorkload& stepWork)
521 gmx::ForceWithShiftForces& forceWithShiftForces = forceOutputs->forceWithShiftForces();
523 wallcycle_sub_start(wcycle, ewcsLISTED);
524 /* The dummy array is to have a place to store the dhdl at other values
525 of lambda, which will be thrown away in the end */
526 real dvdl[efptNR] = { 0 };
527 calcBondedForces(idef, bt, x, fr, fr->bMolPBC ? pbc : nullptr,
528 as_rvec_array(forceWithShiftForces.shiftForces().data()), enerd, nrnb,
529 lambda, dvdl, md, fcd, stepWork, global_atom_index);
530 wallcycle_sub_stop(wcycle, ewcsLISTED);
532 wallcycle_sub_start(wcycle, ewcsLISTED_BUF_OPS);
533 reduce_thread_output(&forceWithShiftForces, enerd->term, &enerd->grpp, dvdl, bt, stepWork);
535 if (stepWork.computeDhdl)
537 for (int i = 0; i < efptNR; i++)
539 enerd->dvdl_nonlin[i] += dvdl[i];
542 wallcycle_sub_stop(wcycle, ewcsLISTED_BUF_OPS);
545 /* Copy the sum of violations for the distance restraints from fcd */
548 enerd->term[F_DISRESVIOL] = fcd->disres->sumviol;
552 /*! \brief As calc_listed(), but only determines the potential energy
553 * for the perturbed interactions.
555 * The shift forces in fr are not affected.
557 void calc_listed_lambda(const InteractionDefinitions& idef,
558 bonded_threading_t* bt,
560 const t_forcerec* fr,
561 const struct t_pbc* pbc,
562 gmx::ArrayRef<real> forceBufferLambda,
563 gmx::ArrayRef<gmx::RVec> shiftForceBufferLambda,
564 gmx_grppairener_t* grpp,
566 gmx::ArrayRef<real> dvdl,
571 int* global_atom_index)
573 WorkDivision& workDivision = bt->foreignLambdaWorkDivision;
575 const t_pbc* pbc_null;
585 /* We already have the forces, so we use temp buffers here */
586 std::fill(forceBufferLambda.begin(), forceBufferLambda.end(), 0.0_real);
587 std::fill(shiftForceBufferLambda.begin(), shiftForceBufferLambda.end(),
588 gmx::RVec{ 0.0_real, 0.0_real, 0.0_real });
589 rvec4* f = reinterpret_cast<rvec4*>(forceBufferLambda.data());
590 rvec* fshift = as_rvec_array(shiftForceBufferLambda.data());
592 /* Loop over all bonded force types to calculate the bonded energies */
593 for (int ftype = 0; (ftype < F_NRE); ftype++)
595 if (ftype_is_bonded_potential(ftype))
597 const InteractionList& ilist = idef.il[ftype];
598 /* Create a temporary iatom list with only perturbed interactions */
599 const int numNonperturbed = idef.numNonperturbedInteractions[ftype];
600 ArrayRef<const int> iatomsPerturbed = gmx::constArrayRefFromArray(
601 ilist.iatoms.data() + numNonperturbed, ilist.size() - numNonperturbed);
602 if (!iatomsPerturbed.empty())
604 /* Set the work range of thread 0 to the perturbed bondeds */
605 workDivision.setBound(ftype, 0, 0);
606 workDivision.setBound(ftype, 1, iatomsPerturbed.ssize());
608 gmx::StepWorkload tempFlags;
609 tempFlags.computeEnergy = true;
610 real v = calc_one_bond(0, ftype, idef, iatomsPerturbed, iatomsPerturbed.ssize(),
611 workDivision, x, f, fshift, fr, pbc_null, grpp, nrnb, lambda,
612 dvdl.data(), md, fcd, tempFlags, global_atom_index);
621 void ListedForces::calculate(struct gmx_wallcycle* wcycle,
623 const t_lambda* fepvals,
625 const gmx_multisim_t* ms,
627 gmx::ArrayRef<const gmx::RVec> xWholeMolecules,
629 gmx::ForceOutputs* forceOutputs,
630 const t_forcerec* fr,
631 const struct t_pbc* pbc,
632 gmx_enerdata_t* enerd,
636 int* global_atom_index,
637 const gmx::StepWorkload& stepWork)
639 if (!stepWork.computeListedForces)
644 const InteractionDefinitions& idef = *idef_;
645 t_fcdata& fcdata = *fcdata_;
647 t_pbc pbc_full; /* Full PBC is needed for position restraints */
648 if (haveRestraints())
650 if (!idef.il[F_POSRES].empty() || !idef.il[F_FBPOSRES].empty())
652 /* Not enough flops to bother counting */
653 set_pbc(&pbc_full, fr->pbcType, box);
656 /* TODO Use of restraints triggers further function calls
657 inside the loop over calc_one_bond(), but those are too
658 awkward to account to this subtimer properly in the present
659 code. We don't test / care much about performance with
660 restraints, anyway. */
661 wallcycle_sub_start(wcycle, ewcsRESTRAINTS);
663 if (!idef.il[F_POSRES].empty())
665 posres_wrapper(nrnb, idef, &pbc_full, x, enerd, lambda, fr, &forceOutputs->forceWithVirial());
668 if (!idef.il[F_FBPOSRES].empty())
670 fbposres_wrapper(nrnb, idef, &pbc_full, x, enerd, fr, &forceOutputs->forceWithVirial());
673 /* Do pre force calculation stuff which might require communication */
674 if (fcdata.orires->nr > 0)
676 GMX_ASSERT(!xWholeMolecules.empty(), "Need whole molecules for orienation restraints");
677 enerd->term[F_ORIRESDEV] = calc_orires_dev(
678 ms, idef.il[F_ORIRES].size(), idef.il[F_ORIRES].iatoms.data(), idef.iparams.data(),
679 md, xWholeMolecules, x, fr->bMolPBC ? pbc : nullptr, fcdata.orires, hist);
681 if (fcdata.disres->nres > 0)
683 calc_disres_R_6(cr, ms, idef.il[F_DISRES].size(), idef.il[F_DISRES].iatoms.data(), x,
684 fr->bMolPBC ? pbc : nullptr, fcdata.disres, hist);
687 wallcycle_sub_stop(wcycle, ewcsRESTRAINTS);
690 calc_listed(wcycle, idef, threading_.get(), x, forceOutputs, fr, pbc, enerd, nrnb, lambda, md,
691 &fcdata, global_atom_index, stepWork);
693 /* Check if we have to determine energy differences
694 * at foreign lambda's.
696 if (fepvals->n_lambda > 0 && stepWork.computeDhdl)
698 real dvdl[efptNR] = { 0 };
699 if (!idef.il[F_POSRES].empty())
701 posres_wrapper_lambda(wcycle, fepvals, idef, &pbc_full, x, enerd, lambda, fr);
703 if (idef.ilsort != ilsortNO_FE)
705 wallcycle_sub_start(wcycle, ewcsLISTED_FEP);
706 if (idef.ilsort != ilsortFE_SORTED)
708 gmx_incons("The bonded interactions are not sorted for free energy");
710 for (int i = 0; i < 1 + enerd->foreignLambdaTerms.numLambdas(); i++)
714 reset_foreign_enerdata(enerd);
715 for (int j = 0; j < efptNR; j++)
717 lam_i[j] = (i == 0 ? lambda[j] : fepvals->all_lambda[j][i - 1]);
719 calc_listed_lambda(idef, threading_.get(), x, fr, pbc, forceBufferLambda_,
720 shiftForceBufferLambda_, &(enerd->foreign_grpp), enerd->foreign_term,
721 dvdl, nrnb, lam_i, md, &fcdata, global_atom_index);
722 sum_epot(enerd->foreign_grpp, enerd->foreign_term);
723 const double dvdlSum = std::accumulate(std::begin(dvdl), std::end(dvdl), 0.);
724 std::fill(std::begin(dvdl), std::end(dvdl), 0.0);
725 enerd->foreignLambdaTerms.accumulate(i, enerd->foreign_term[F_EPOT], dvdlSum);
727 wallcycle_sub_stop(wcycle, ewcsLISTED_FEP);